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EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) and EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) are important considerations in the design and operation of electronic devices and systems. Here's a brief overview of each:

1. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI):

   • EMI refers to the disturbance caused by electromagnetic radiation from an external source that affects the performance of an electronic device, equipment, or system.
   • Sources of EMI include radio frequency interference (RFI) from communication devices, electromagnetic radiation from power lines, switching operations in electrical circuits, and other electromagnetic sources.
   • EMI can lead to malfunctions, data corruption, or complete failure of electronic devices if not adequately addressed.
   • Common mitigation techniques for EMI include shielding, filtering, grounding, and proper layout and routing of electrical traces on printed circuit boards (PCBs).

2. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC):

   • EMC refers to the ability of electronic devices and systems to operate properly in their intended electromagnetic environment without causing interference to other devices or being affected by external electromagnetic interference.
   • EMC encompasses both emissions (EMI) and immunity (the ability to withstand external interference).
   • Ensuring EMC involves designing devices and systems to minimize electromagnetic emissions and susceptibility to interference.
   • Compliance with EMC standards and regulations is often necessary for electronic devices to be legally sold and used in many countries.
   • EMC testing involves evaluating devices and systems for compliance with relevant EMC standards, typically through conducted and radiated emissions testing, as well as immunity testing against various sources of interference.